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Revelation 18:2

And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

KJV

καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων· ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου,

Greek NT

Et exclamavit in fortitudine, dicens : Cecidit, cecidit Babylon magna : et facta est habitatio dæmoniorum, et custodia omnis spiritus immundi, et custodia omnis volucris immundæ, et odibilis :

Vulgate

And he cried with a mighty voice, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and is become a habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird.

ASV

And he cried out with a strong voice, saying: Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen: and is become the habitation of devils and the hold of every unclean spirit and the hold of every unclean and hateful bird:

Douay-Rheims

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In this verse

Places Babylon

In the original Greek

19 distinct Greek words appear in this verse.

Βαβυλών
babulon
noun · 12×
γίνομαι
ginomai
verb · 667×
δαιμόνιον
daimonion
noun · 63×
καί
kai
conjunction · 8973×
κατοικητήριον
katoiketerion
noun · 2×
κράζω
krazo
verb · 55×
λέγω
lego
verb · 2256×
μέγας
megas
adjective · 244×
μισέω
miseo
verb · 40×
πίπτω
pipto
verb · 89×
πνεῦμα
pneuma
noun · 379×
πᾶς
pas
adjective · 1226×
φυλακή
phulake
noun · 46×
φωνή
phone
noun · 139×
ἀκάθαρτος
akathartos
adjective · 31×
ἐν
en
preposition · 2743×
ἰσχυρός
ischuros
adjective · 28×
o
article · 19778×
ὄρνεον
orneon
noun · 3×

Intertextual echoes

This verse quotes or alludes to 2 earlier texts.

  • Jer 51:7 · allusion
    "Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad."
    Jeremiah: Babylon was a golden cup — Babylon the great is fallen
  • Isa 21:9 · allusion
    "And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground."
    Isaiah: fallen, fallen is Babylon — the angel's announcement

Textual variants

4 variant units attested by manuscript witnesses and modern critical editions.

trivial
SBLGNT: ἐν | WH/Treg/NIV: ἐν
  • ἐνSBLGNT
  • ἐνWestcott-Hort, Tregelles, Reader's GNT (NA27)
source: sblgnt-apparatus
trivial
SBLGNT: ἔπεσεν | WH/NIV: ἔπεσεν
  • ἔπεσενSBLGNT
  • ἔπεσενWestcott-Hort, Reader's GNT (NA27)
source: sblgnt-apparatus
minor
SBLGNT: δαιμονίων | WH/Treg/NIV: δαιμονίων | RP: δαιμόνων
  • δαιμονίωνSBLGNT
  • δαιμονίωνWestcott-Hort, Tregelles, Reader's GNT (NA27)
  • δαιμόνωνRobinson-Pierpont
source: sblgnt-apparatus
trivial
SBLGNT: καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου | Holmes/NA: καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου
  • καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτουSBLGNT
  • καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτουSBLGNT, Nestle-Aland 27
source: sblgnt-apparatus

Themes

Prophecy

Historic Christian voices

4 passages from patristic writers, Reformers, and church catechisms citing this verse.

§101In the political sphere, it must be noted that truthfulness in the relations between those governing and those governed, openness in public administration, impartiality in the service of the body politic, respect for the rights of political adversaries, safeguarding the rights of the accused against summary trials and convictions, the just and honest use of public funds, the re…

Cross-references

  • 1Tim 4:1 — Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils;
  • Isa 13:19 — And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees’ excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.
  • Isa 13:21 — But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.
  • Isa 14:23 — I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.
  • Isa 14:23 — I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.
  • Isa 21:8 — And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights:
  • Isa 21:9 — And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground.
  • Isa 24:10 — The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in.
  • Isa 26:5 — For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.
  • Isa 26:14 — They are dead, they shall not live; they are deceased, they shall not rise: therefore hast thou visited and destroyed them, and made all their memory to perish.
  • Isa 34:11 — But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness.
  • Isa 34:11 — But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness.
  • Isa 35:7 — And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes.
  • Jer 50:39 — Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and it shall be no more inhabited for ever; neither shall it be dwelt i
  • Jer 50:39 — Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and it shall be no more inhabited for ever; neither shall it be dwelt i
  • Jer 51:8 — Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.
  • Jer 51:8 — Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.
  • Jer 51:37 — And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.
  • Jer 51:37 — And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.
  • Jer 51:60 — So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, even all these words that are written against Babylon.
  • Lev 11:13 — And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
  • Nah 3:4 — Because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the wellfavoured harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations through her whoredoms, and families through her witchcrafts.
  • Ps 102:6 — I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.
  • Rev 14:8 — And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
  • Rev 14:8 — And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
  • Rev 16:13 — And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.
  • Rev 16:19 — And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wra
  • Rev 16:19 — And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wra
  • Rev 17:5 — And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
  • Rev 17:5 — And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
  • Rev 17:18 — And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.
  • Rev 17:18 — And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.
  • Rev 18:10 — Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.
  • Rev 18:21 — And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.
  • Titus 3:3 — For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.