Galatians 4:8
Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.
KJV
Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσιν θεοῖς·
Greek NT
Sed tunc quidem ignorantes Deum, iis, qui natura non sunt dii, serviebatis.
Vulgate
Howbeit at that time, not knowing God, ye were in bondage to them that by nature are no gods:
ASV
But then indeed, not knowing God, you served them who, by nature, are not gods.
Douay-Rheims
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In the original Greek
11 distinct Greek words appear in this verse.
δουλεύω
douleuo
verb · 25×
εἰμί
eimi
verb · 2461×
εἴδω
eido
verb · 317×
θεός
theos
noun · 1311×
μέν
men
particle · 177×
μή
me
particle · 1033×
οὐ
ou
particle · 1626×
τότε
tote
adverb · 157×
φύσις
phusis
noun · 14×
ἀλλά
alla
conjunction · 636×
ὁ
o
article · 19778×
Textual variants
1 variant unit attested by manuscript witnesses and modern critical editions.
minor
SBLGNT: φύσει μὴ | WH/Treg/NIV: φύσει μὴ | RP: μὴ φύσει
- φύσει μὴ — SBLGNT
- φύσει μὴ — Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, Reader's GNT (NA27)
- μὴ φύσει — Robinson-Pierpont
source: sblgnt-apparatus
Themes
Historic Christian voices
9 passages from patristic writers, Reformers, and church catechisms citing this verse.
Against Heresies (Adversus Haereses) · 2 passages
There is but one Creator of the world, God the Father: this the constant belief of the Church. 1. That God is the Creator of the world is accepted even by those very persons who in many ways speak against Him, and yet acknowledge Him, styling Him the Creator, and an angel, not to mention that all the Scriptures call out [to the same effect], and the Lord teaches us of this Fath…
The Holy Ghost, throughout the Old Testament Scriptures, made mention of no other God or Lord, save him who is the true God. 1. Therefore neither would the Lord, nor the Holy Spirit, nor the apostles, have ever named as God, definitely and absolutely, him who was not God, unless he were truly God; nor would they have named any one in his own person Lord, except God the Father r…
14. For the Son of God indeed, being Himself the Word, is Lord of all; but we once were subject from the first to the slavery of corruption and the curse of the Law, then by degrees fashioning for ourselves things that were not, we served, as says the blessed Apostle, 'them which by nature are no Gods Galatians 4:8,' and, ignorant of the true God, we preferred things that were …
Can God be named by us? Are any names applied to God predicated of Him substantially? Are any names applied to God said of Him literally, or are all to be taken metaphorically? Are any names applied to God synonymous? Are some names applied to God and to creatures univocally or equivocally? Supposing they are applied analogically, are they applied first to God or to creatures? …
Q. What is idolatry? A. Idolatry is having or inventing something in which one trusts in place of or alongside of the only true God, who has revealed himself in his Word.
Cross-references
- 1Cor 1:21 — For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.
- 1Cor 8:4 — As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one.
- 1Cor 8:5 — For though there be that are called gods, whether in heaven or in earth, (as there be gods many, and lords many,)
- 1Cor 10:19 — What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?
- 1Cor 12:2 — Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were led.
- 1Cor 12:2 — Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were led.
- 1John 3:1 — Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not.
- 1Pet 4:3 — For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine, revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries:
- 1Thess 1:9 — For they themselves shew of us what manner of entering in we had unto you, and how ye turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God;
- 1Thess 1:9 — For they themselves shew of us what manner of entering in we had unto you, and how ye turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God;
- 1Thess 4:5 — Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God:
- 1Thess 4:5 — Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God:
- 2Chr 13:9 — Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himse
- 2Cor 11:29 — Who is weak, and I am not weak? who is offended, and I burn not?
- 2Thess 1:8 — In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:
- 2Thess 1:8 — In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:
- Acts 14:12 — And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.
- Acts 17:23 — For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
- Acts 17:23 — For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
- Acts 17:29 — Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man’s device.
- Acts 19:26 — Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands:
- Eph 2:11 — Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands;
- Eph 2:12 — That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:
- Eph 4:18 — Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:
- Eph 4:18 — Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:
- Exod 5:2 — And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.
- Isa 37:19 — And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men’s hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.
- Isa 44:9 — They that make a graven image are all of them vanity; and their delectable things shall not profit; and they are their own witnesses; they see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.
- Jer 2:11 — Hath a nation changed their gods, which are yet no gods? but my people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit.
- Jer 5:7 — How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, they then committed adultery, and assembled themselves by troops i
- Jer 10:3 — For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe.
- Jer 10:25 — Pour out thy fury upon the heathen that know thee not, and upon the families that call not on thy name: for they have eaten up Jacob, and devoured him, and consumed him, and have made his habitation d
- Jer 16:20 — Shall a man make gods unto himself, and they are no gods?
- John 1:10 — He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not.
- Josh 24:2 — And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor: and
- Josh 24:15 — And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites
- Ps 100:3 — Know ye that the LORD he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.
- Ps 115:4 — Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands.
- Ps 135:15 — The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands.
- Rom 1:23 — And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.