• Deut 4:11 — And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness.
• Exod 19:16 — And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that
• Exod 19:18 — And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
• Exod 19:20 — And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.
• Exod 20:18 — And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

3 Christian traditions affirm this interpretation.

• Evangelical · Evangelical
• Patristic · Patristic
• Reformed · Reformed

4 passages from 3 historic works cite scripture this interpretation depends on.

• Homilies on the Epistle to the Hebrews · 2 passages
• Catechism of the Catholic Church · 1 passage
• Antiquities of the Jews · 1 passage