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Romans 9:12

It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

KJV

ἐρρέθη αὐτῇ ὅτι ὁ μείζων δουλεύσει τῷ ἐλάσσονι,

Greek NT

non ex operibus, sed ex vocante dictum est ei quia major serviet minori,

Vulgate

it was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

ASV

Not of works, but of him that calleth, it was said to her: The elder shall serve the younger.

Douay-Rheims

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In the original Greek

7 distinct Greek words appear in this verse.

αὐτός
autos
pronoun · 5564×
δουλεύω
douleuo
verb · 25×
μέγας
megas
adjective · 244×
ἐλάσσων
elasson
adjective · 4×
ἐρέω
ereo
verb · 96×
o
article · 19778×
ὅτι
oti
conjunction · 1299×

Intertextual echoes

This verse quotes or alludes to 1 earlier text.

  • Gen 25:23 · adapted
    "And the LORD said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger."
    Genesis: the older shall serve the younger — Paul on divine election

Historic Christian voices

5 passages from patristic writers, Reformers, and church catechisms citing this verse.

And the boys grew: and Esau was a cunning hunter. The history of Jacob and Esau is introduced to show the sovereign freedom of God's election. The elder shall serve the younger — this was declared before either had done good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand. Esau's selling his birthright for a mess of pottage shows the profanity of those who de…
He recalls the beginning of his youth, i.e. the thirty-first year of his age, in which very grave errors as to the nature of God and the origin of evil being distinguished, and the Sacred Books more accurately known, he at length arrives at a clear knowledge of God, not yet rightly apprehending Jesus Christ. Chapter 1. He Regarded Not God Indeed Under the Form of a Human Body, …
But the cause of this gracious election is exclusively the good pleasure of God. This does not involve God's choosing certain human qualities or actions from among all those possible as a condition of salvation, but rather involves adopting certain particular persons from among the common mass of sinners as God's own possession. As Scripture says: "When the children were not ye…

Cross-references

  • Gen 25:22 — And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If it be so, why am I thus? And she went to enquire of the LORD.
  • Gen 27:29 — Let people serve thee, and nations bow down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother’s sons bow down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee.