Forty Authors, Fifteen Centuries, One Story

Consider the claim on its face. Roughly forty human authors, writing across a span of approximately 1,500 years — from the time of Moses (c. 1400 BC) to the apostle John on Patmos (c. AD 95) — produced sixty-six documents in three languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek) on three continents (Asia, Africa, Europe). These authors include a prince raised in the Egyptian court, a shepherd-turned-king, a cupbearer to a Persian emperor, a herdsman from Tekoa, a physician, a rabbi trained under Gamaliel, and Galilean fishermen. They wrote law codes, poetry, prophecy, genealogy, apocalyptic vision, personal correspondence, royal chronicles, and theological history.

And yet these sixty-six documents, composed independently over fifteen centuries, can be read as a continuous narrative with a consistent arc: the creation and fall of humanity, God's progressive self-revelation to a covenant people, the promise and arrival of a Redeemer, and the consummation of all things in a restored creation. The coherence is not superficial — it operates at the level of interlocking themes, progressive typology, and fulfilled prophecy across hundreds of specific details.

The diversity of the biblical authors introduces a constraint: any explanation of the text's coherence must account for differences in time, location, language, and background. Moses was trained in all the wisdom of Egypt. David was a shepherd who became a warrior-king. Solomon was the wealthiest monarch of his age. Amos was a herdsman and dresser of sycamore figs with no prophetic pedigree. Isaiah was an aristocrat with access to the royal court. Daniel served as an administrator in the Babylonian and Persian empires. Ezra was a priestly scribe. Nehemiah was a cupbearer to Artaxerxes.