The Transmission of the Biblical Text

The biblical texts were copied by hand for thousands of years — the Old Testament for roughly two and a half millennia before the printing press, the New Testament for nearly fifteen centuries. Errors occur in copying. Everyone agrees on this. The question is: how much has the text changed, and does it matter?

Some claim the Bible has been corrupted — that the text we have today is fundamentally different from what was originally written. Others claim perfect preservation — that God ensured every word was transmitted without error. Both claims can be evaluated against the evidence. What follows is that evidence.

Before evaluating the evidence, the term must be defined. "Corruption" could mean several things, and they are not the same:

Each of these is a different claim, requiring different evidence. A text with minor spelling variations is not "corrupted" in the same sense as a text with fabricated passages. The specificity of the claim determines what counts as evidence for or against it.